Leptospirosis – A lesser known condition that can affect dogs as well as their humans!
Leptospirosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Leptospira. This bacteria is typically spread by wild animals, and can affect our pets if they are exposed. Lepto poses as a zoonotic risk. This means that the infection can be passed to humans. Here are the North End Animal Hospital, our team has seen an increase in the number of cases of Lepto over the last three to five years.
Dogs are the most common household animal that may become infected with Leptospirosis. In cats it is rare and the symptoms appear to be mild. This bacteria can be found in contaminated water, food and soil. It is more common in areas with warmer climates and where there are heavy amounts of rainfall, however it can occur anywhere. Pets will typically become infected if mucus membranes come in contact with something that is contaminated. This could be urine, soil, water, food, bedding or by eating infected tissues or carcasses. In rare cases breeding can cause the passing of the infection. Lepto can also be passed through the placenta and infect the fetuses.
Leptospirosis is most commonly carried by rodents and raccoons. It can also be carried by cows, pigs, dogs, horses, sheep’s and goats. If you live in an area where it is more prevalent for this infection, it is suggested to take steps to prevent your pet from becoming infected.
These are some symptoms that your pet may experience if they are infected with Leptospirosis:
– Fever
– Shivering
– Muscle tenderness
– Drinking and urinating more frequently
– Vomiting
– Diarrhea
– Lethargy
– Abdominal pain
– Decreased appetite
– Jaundice (yellow tinged mucus membranes; gums, eyes, etc)
Leptospirosis can cause bleeding disorders as well. Some people may notice blood tinged stool, urine or saliva.
Some pets however, may not show any signs. While some animals may develop a more mild infection and recovery promptly, others may suffer from severe illness which could be fatal. Lepto can typically be ruled out by your Veterinarian by specific blood tests, a urinalysis, x-rays and ultrasounds.
Leptospirosis can is usually treated with medications and supportive care. If this infection is treated early and aggressively the prognosis is good, however there is still a risk of permanent kidney and liver damage.
How to help reduce zoonotic potential:
– Administer medication as prescribed by Veterinarian
– Avoid contact with your pets urine
– If urination occurs in home, wear gloves and promptly disinfect
– Wash hands after handling your pet
How to prevention Leptospirosis in your pet:
– There is an annual vaccination that your dog can receive to help decrease the chances of contracting the infection
– You can also limit your pets exposure to possible infected locations; swamps, puddles, soil
If you have any further questions regarding Leptospirosis or think your pet may be experiencing some of these symptoms, always reach out to your Veterinarian.